High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is now materialized. It allows direct
visualization of dynamic structural changes and dynamic processes of functioning biological …

Directly observing individual protein molecules in action at high spatiotemporal resolution
has long been a holy grail for biological science. This is because we long have had to infer …

The dynamic behaviour of myosin V molecules translocating along actin filaments has been
mainly studied by optical microscopy. The processive hand-over-hand movement coupled …

In the history of science and technology, researchers have always undertaken endeavors to
enhance the degree of “directness of measurement”. With “directness of measurement”, we …

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) allows direct visualization of dynamic
structural changes and processes of functioning biological molecules in physiological …

Highlights•HS-AFM detects conformational changes of unlabeled membrane proteins.•In situ
responses to pH, ligands, temperature and light can be visualized.•Developments in …

Advances in microscopy have contributed to many biologic discoveries. Electron
microscopic techniques such as cryo-electron tomography are remarkable tools for imaging …

In recent years, the atomic force microscope (AFM) has become an important tool in
nanotechnology research. It was first conceived to generate 3-D images of conducting as …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was developed in the 1980s following the invention of its
precursor, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), earlier in the decade. Several modes of …

Highlights•I describe the unique features of high-speed AFM imaging.•I outline recent high-
speed AFM imaging of proteins and cells.•I review what types of dynamic molecular events …