A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a system that can generate electricity by harnessing
microorganisms' metabolic activity. MFCs can be used in wastewater treatment plants since …

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are a special class of ion-exchange membranes constituted by
a cation-and an anion-exchange layer, allowing the generation of protons and hydroxide …

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have inextricably linked to water consumption and
wastewater generation. Mining resources from industrial wastewater has proved to be an …

Abstract In the past 10–15 years, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has captured the
attention of the scientific community for the possibility of transforming organic waste directly …

The treatment of wastewater is an expensive and energy-extensive practice that not only
ensures the power generation requirements to sustain the current energy demands of an …

Research into alternative renewable energy generation is a priority, due to the ever-
increasing concern of climate change. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are one potential avenue …

The advancement of microbial fuel cell technology is rapidly growing, with extensive
research and well-established methodologies for enhancing structural performance. This …

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are essential in the development of novel high-tech
applications. They are essential in sustainable materials and green technologies, including …

Copper slags are a by-product generated from copper extraction. Rich in iron oxide, silica,
calcium oxide, and alumina, copper slags are mostly stockpiled or used in landfill …

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) have recently received increasing attention due to their promising
potential in sustainable wastewater treatment and contaminant removal. In general …