Neural circuits must maintain stable function in the face of many plastic challenges,
including changes in synapse number and strength, during learning and development …

Sensorineural hearing loss induced by noise or ototoxic drug exposure reduces the neural
activity transmitted from the cochlea to the central auditory system. Despite a reduced …

Ever since Pliny the Elder coined the term tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of
an external sound source has remained enigmatic. Traditional theories assume that tinnitus …

Mechanistic insight is achieved only when experiments are employed to test formal or
computational models. Furthermore, in analogy to lesion studies, phantom perception may …

Activity has an important role in refining synaptic connectivity during development, in part
through'Hebbian'mechanisms such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression …

Maintaining the proper balance between excitation and inhibition is critical for the normal
function of cortical circuits. This balance is thought to be maintained by an array of …

The purpose of the current review is to propose a model highlighting the putative
connections between hearing loss and the phantom perception of tinnitus (tinnitus being …

Tinnitus, the perception of a sound in the absence of acoustic stimulation, is often associated
with hearing loss. Animal studies indicate that hearing loss through cochlear damage can …

Deafness affects∼ 2 in 1000 children and is one of the most common congenital
impairments. Permanent hearing loss can be treated by fitting hearing aids. More severe to …

There are three times as many outer hair cells (OHC) as inner hair cells (IHC), yet IHC
transmit virtually all acoustic information to the brain as they synapse with 90–95% of type I …