Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been widely applied in many important environmental
applications, including water softening, surface/groundwater purification, wastewater …

Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes commonly adopt a thin film composite
(TFC) structure featuring a polyamide rejection layer formed on a porous substrate. Recent …

Thin-film composite membranes formed by conventional interfacial polymerization generally
suffer from the depth heterogeneity of the polyamide layer, ie, nonuniformly distributed free …

Empirical discovery, four decades ago, of polyamide membranes made by interfacial
polymerization revolutionized large-scale desalination and has made desalinated water …

The separation properties of polyamide reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes,
widely applied for desalination and water reuse, are constrained by the permeability …

Interfacial polymerization serves as a revolutionary technique to create polymer membranes
such as polyamides, polyesters, and covalent organic frameworks, holding exceptional …

Transport of water, solutes, and contaminants through a thin film composite (TFC)
membrane is governed by the intrinsic structure of its polyamide separation layer. In this …

Increased chloride concentration can cause salinization, which has become a serious and
widespread environmental problem nowadays. This review aims at providing …

Modulating interfacial polymerization (IP) process has been recognized as an effective way
to optimize the physicochemical structure of polyamide membranes and thus elevating …

Interlayered thin-film nanocomposite membranes (TFNi) are an emerging type of
membranes with great potential to overcome the permeability–selectivity upper bound of …