The role of macrophage subtypes and exosomes in immunomodulation

AT Gharavi, NA Hanjani, E Movahed… - Cellular & molecular …, 2022‏ - Springer
Macrophages are influential members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly
polarized by different microenvironment signals. Cell polarization leads to a wide range of …

COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities

M Lotfi, MR Hamblin, N Rezaei - Clinica chimica acta, 2020‏ - Elsevier
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global challenge. Despite intense …

High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin as a therapeutic option for deteriorating patients with coronavirus disease 2019

W Cao, X Liu, T Bai, H Fan, K Hong… - Open forum …, 2020‏ - academic.oup.com
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly in China. Until
now, no definite effective treatment has been identified. We reported on 3 patients with …

A perspective on potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2

AM Arvin, K Fink, MA Schmid, A Cathcart, R Spreafico… - Nature, 2020‏ - nature.com
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease is a general concern for the
development of vaccines and antibody therapies because the mechanisms that underlie …

Pharmaco-immunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19

JG Rizk, K Kalantar-Zadeh, MR Mehra, CJ Lavie… - Drugs, 2020‏ - Springer
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 associated coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) illness is a syndrome of viral replication in concert with a host inflammatory …

Implications of macrophage polarization in autoimmunity

SC Funes, M Rios, J Escobar‐Vera, AM Kalergis - Immunology, 2018‏ - Wiley Online Library
Macrophages are extremely heterogeneous and plastic cells with an important role not only
in physiological conditions, but also during inflammation (both for initiation and resolution) …

COVID-19 treatment: close to a cure? A rapid review of pharmacotherapies for the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

Y Song, M Zhang, L Yin, K Wang, Y Zhou… - International journal of …, 2020‏ - Elsevier
Currently, there is no approved therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The
World Health Organization (WHO) therefore endorses supportive care only. However …

The autoimmune signature of hyperinflammatory multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

RA Porritt, A Binek, L Paschold, MN Rivas… - The Journal of clinical …, 2021‏ - jci.org
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) manifests as a severe and
uncontrolled inflammatory response with multiorgan involvement, occurring weeks after …

The interplay between inflammatory pathways and COVID-19: A critical review on pathogenesis and therapeutic options

S Choudhary, K Sharma, O Silakari - Microbial pathogenesis, 2021‏ - Elsevier
Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged as the deadliest outbreak that has
now become a serious health issue to mankind. Activation of inflammatory signaling …

Human immunology and immunotherapy: main achievements and challenges

J Varadé, S Magadán… - Cellular & molecular …, 2021‏ - nature.com
The immune system is a fascinating world of cells, soluble factors, interacting cells, and
tissues, all of which are interconnected. The highly complex nature of the immune system …