Stress has long been suggested to be an important correlate of uncontrolled drinking and
relapse. An important hormonal response system to stress—the hypothalamic–pituitary …

One of the most consistent findings in the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) is the higher risk of this disorder in women. Explanations reviewed within a …

Sexual assault history is associated with higher risk of problem drinking and drug use in
women, yet little is known about mechanisms linking trauma histories in general to women's …

Around the world at least one woman in every three has been beaten, coerced into sex, or
otherwise abused in her lifetime. Most often the abuser is a member of her own family …

A national household probability sample of 4,023 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years was
interviewed by telephone about substance use, victimization experiences, familial substance …

Among the adverse mental health consequences of childhood trauma is the risk related to
the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Other risk factors for …

This review focuses on the apparent connection between childhood sexual or physical
abuse (CSA, CPA) and later substance use problems (SUPs) among adolescents and …

There is now widespread empirical evidence that child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors are at
greater risk for sexual revictimization in adulthood, but less is known of the mechanisms …

This article reviews the major forms of violence against women, including sexual assault,
intimate-relationship violence, and stalking and outlines the known psychological effects of …

This chapter focuses on sexual abuse of children. The authors discuss the rate of sexual
abuse and the characteristics of the abuse experience. They direct particular attention to …