The Earth as a planetary system has experienced significant change since its formation c.
4.54 Gyr ago. Some of these changes have been gradual, such as secular cooling of the …

A survey is given of the dimensions and composition of the present continental crust. The
abundances of immobile elements in sedimentary rocks are used to establish upper crustal …

Two geochemical proxies are particularly important for the identification and classification of
oceanic basalts: the Th–Nb proxy for crustal input and hence for demonstrating an oceanic …

Non-arc basalts of Archean and Proterozoic age have model primary magmas that exhibit
mantle potential temperatures TP that increase from 1350° C at the present to a maximum …

IGNEOUS ROCKS AND PROCESSES A practical introduction to igneous petrology for
students and practitioners The newly revised Second Edition of Igneous Rocks and …

It is thought that the first continental crust formed by melting of either eclogite or amphibolite,
either at subduction zones or on the underside of thick oceanic crust. However, the observed …

This substantially revised edition includes recently published information relating to plate
tectonics and continental origin. A large number of new figures have been added, and new …

There is no consensus on the processes responsible for near-coeval formation of Archaean
continental crust (dominantly tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite: TTG), greenstone belts …

The third edition of this widely acclaimed textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to
all aspects of global tectonics, and includes major revisions to reflect the most significant …

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition discusses key topics dealing with the
evolution and interaction through time of Earth's crust, mantle, core, atmosphere …