Stress resilience is the phenomenon that some people maintain their mental health despite
exposure to adversity or show only temporary impairments followed by quick recovery …

Dopamine regulates reward-related behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic
pathway. Stress affects dopamine levels and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the …

A majority of humans faced with severe stress maintain normal physiological and behavioral
function, a process referred to as resilience. Such stress resilience has been modeled in …

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Addiction is a disease in which, after a period of recreational use, a subset of individuals
develops compulsive use that does not stop even in light of major negative consequences …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) will affect one out of every five people in their lifetime and
is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with the …

Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder and
posttraumatic stress disorder, exact enormous socioeconomic and individual consequences …

The variety of physiological functions controlled by dopamine in the brain and periphery is
mediated by the D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4 and D 5 dopamine GPCRs. Drugs acting on dopamine …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …