The effects of sex hormones on immune function have received much attention, especially
following the proposal of the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis. Many studies, both …

Empirical evidence for declines in fitness components (survival and reproductive
performance) with age has recently accumulated in wild populations, highlighting that the …

Body size determines total reproductive-energy output. Most theories assume reproductive
output is a fixed proportion of size, with respect to mass, but formal macroecological tests are …

“Classic” forest plots show the effect sizes from individual studies and the aggregate effect
from a meta‐analysis. However, in ecology and evolution, meta‐analyses routinely contain …

In the past decade, several conceptual papers have linked variation in animal personality to
variation in cognition, and recent years have seen a flood of empirical studies testing this …

Sexual selection hypotheses stipulate that the major histocompatibility complex genes
(MHC) constitute a key molecular underpinning for mate choice in vertebrates. The last four …

The trade-off between offspring size and number is central to life history strategies. Both the
evolutionary gain of parental care or more favorable habitats for offspring development are …

Early survival is highly variable and strongly influences observed population growth rates in
most vertebrate populations. One of the major potential drivers of survival variation among …

Although meta-analysis has become an essential tool in ecology and evolution, reporting of
meta-analytic results can still be much improved. To aid this, we have introduced the orchard …

Theories of growth have a long history in biology. Two major branches of theory
(mechanistic and phenomenological) describe the dynamics of growth and explain variation …