What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex
social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in …

The question as to why primates have evolved unusually large brains has received much
attention, with many alternative proposals all supported by evidence. We review the main …

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to
understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trap** as …

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to
disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data …

In the last few million years, the hominin brain more than tripled in size. Comparisons across
evolutionary lineages suggest that this expansion may be part of a broader trend toward …

When did the first vertebrates emerge, and how did they differ from their invertebrate
ancestors? When did vertebrates evolve jaws, paired fins, pattern vision, or a neocortex …

A longstanding issue in biology is whether the intelligence of animals can be predicted by
absolute or relative brain size. However, progress has been hampered by an insufficient …

Despite decades of intense study, the functions of sleep are still shrouded in mystery. The
difficulty in understanding these functions can be at least partly attributed to the varied …

Across the animal kingdom, we see remarkable variation in brain size. This variation has
even increased over evolutionary time. Traditionally, studies aiming to explain brain size …

The allometric relationship between brain and body size among vertebrates is often
considered a manifestation of evolutionary constraints. However, birds and mammals have …