Recent progress in plate tectonic reconstructions has seen models move beyond the
classical idea of continental drift by attempting to reconstruct the full evolving configuration of …

The existence of mantle plumes was first proposed in the 1970s to explain intra-plate,
hotspot volcanism, yet owing to difficulties in resolving mantle upwellings with geophysical …

Seismic images of Earth's interior reveal two massive anomalous zones at the base of the
mantle, above the core, where seismic waves travel slowly. The mantle materials that …

The rotation of the Earth or Earth rotation, respectively, specifies the spatiotemporal change
of the Earth rotation vector. The direction of the Earth rotation vector corresponds to the …

Extremely voluminous magmatic systems known as large igneous provinces (LIPs)
punctuate Earth's history, and the gases they release plausibly link large-scale geodynamic …

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition discusses key topics dealing with the
evolution and interaction through time of Earth's crust, mantle, core, atmosphere …

Abstract The short-lived 182 Hf-182 W isotope system (t 1/2= 9 Ma) left evidence in both
ancient and modern terrestrial rock record of processes that took place during the earliest …

Plate tectonics shapes Earth's surface, and is linked to motions within its deep interior,. Cold
oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle, and hot mantle plumes rise from the deep Earth …

Large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs), whose origin and dynamic implication remain
enigmatic, dominate the lowermost mantle. For decades, seismologists have created …

Advances in our understanding of Earth's thermal evolution and the style of mantle
convection rely on robust seismological constraints on lateral variations of density. The large …