Macrophages have important roles in immune surveillance and in the maintenance of
kidney homeostasis; their response to renal injury varies enormously depending on the …

Many types of kidney injury induce inflammation as a protective response. However,
unresolved inflammation promotes progressive renal fibrosis, which can culminate in end …

Fibrosis is defined by the overgrowth, hardening, and/or scarring of various tissues and is
attributed to excess deposition of extracellular matrix components including collagen …

Tissue fibrosis (scarring) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Current treatments for
fibrotic disorders, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis and systemic …

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is the first discovered and most extensively
studied CC chemokine, and the amount of studies on its role in the etiologies of obesity-and …

Abstract Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-7 is a 35-kDa homodimeric protein and a
member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. BMP-7 expression is highest …

In patients with renal diseases characterized by proteinuria, the initial insult to the kidney is
usually followed by a progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate. This decline has …

Fibrogenesis is a pathological wound repair process that fails to cease, even when the initial
insult has been removed. Fibroblasts are principal mediators of fibrosis, and fibroblasts from …

Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, also called chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or
small inducible cytokine A2, is an inflammatory mediator capable of recruiting monocytes …

Chemokines and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases ranging from
asthma to AIDS. Chemokine receptors are G-protein-coupled serpentine receptors that …