Ruminococcus gnavus was first identified in 1974 as a strict anaerobe in the gut of healthy
individuals, and for several decades, its study has been limited to specific enzymes or …

The human gut possesses millions of microbes that define a complex microbial community.
The gut microbiota has been characterized as a vital organ forming its multidirectional …

Background Current therapies for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection do not address
the disrupted microbiome, which supports C. difficile spore germination into toxin-producing …

Pure bacterial cultures remain essential for detailed experimental and mechanistic studies in
microbiome research, and traditional methods to isolate individual bacteria from complex …

Over the past two decades, interest in human microbiome research has increased
exponentially. Regrettably, this increased activity has brought with it a degree of hype and …

Advances in culture-independent research techniques have led to an increased
understanding of the gut microbiota and the role it plays in health and disease. The intestine …

Comprehensive, high-quality reference genomes are required for functional characterization
and taxonomic assignment of the human gut microbiota. We present the Unified Human …

Gut bacteria play an important role in the digestion of food, immune activation, and
regulation of entero-endocrine signaling pathways, but also communicate with the central …

The microbiota modulates gut immune homeostasis. Bacteria influence the development
and function of host immune cells, including T helper cells expressing interleukin-17A (TH17 …

Immediately after birth, newborn babies experience rapid colonization by microorganisms
from their mothers and the surrounding environment. Diseases in childhood and later in life …