The final step of biomineralization is a chemical precipitation reaction that occurs
spontaneously in supersaturated or metastable salt solutions. Genetic programs direct …

Fetuin-A, also termed alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, is a 46 kDa hepatocyte
derived protein (hepatokine) and serves multifaceted functions.(i) It acts as systemic inhibitor …

Vascular and soft tissue calcification contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in
both the general population and CKD. Because calcium and phosphate serum …

Rationale: Fetuin-A is a liver-derived plasma protein involved in the regulation of calcified
matrix metabolism. Biochemical studies showed that fetuin-A is essential for the formation of …

Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs) are small entities that consist of a hydroxyapatite core,
which can bind ions, proteins, and other organic molecules from the surrounding …

The interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with “protein corona” and live cells are likely to
become important in bionanoscience. These interactions play the central role in …

Protein-mineral interaction is known to regulate biomineral stability and morphology. We
hypothesise that fluid phases produce highly dynamic protein-mineral complexes involved …

It has been experimentally demonstrated that, under alkaline conditions, silica is able to
induce the formation of mineral self-assembled inorganic-inorganic composite materials …

Vascular smooth muscle cell damage is a key step in inducing vascular calcification that
yields hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a major product. The effect of the shape of HAP on the …

Extracellular phosphate is toxic to the cell at high concentrations. When the phosphate level
is increased in the blood by impaired urinary phosphate excretion, premature aging ensues …