The procurement and management of nutrients and ability to fight infections are fundamental
requirements for survival. These defense responses are bioenergetically costly, requiring …

The silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein, a highly conserved NAD+-
dependent deacetylase belonging to the sirtuin family, is a post-translational regulator that …

To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical NF-κB is
activated by various stimuli, transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity, to …

Since nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered
in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating …

Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been
considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal …

Abstract Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is a novel, 198 amino acid adipocytokine also referred to as
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). LCN-2 is a circulatory protein …

The 2022 multi-country monkeypox outbreak in humans has brought new public health
adversity on top of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The …

Increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity is the critical event that results in bone
loss and joint destruction in common pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis …

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in the cellular processes for
protein quality control and homeostasis. Dysregulation of the UPS has been implicated in …