Immune checkpoint therapy has achieved significant efficacy by blocking inhibitory
pathways to release the function of T lymphocytes. In the clinic, anti-programmed cell death …

Simple Summary The interaction of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL1) with its receptor
PD1 inhibits T-cell responses. Blockade of this interaction with monoclonal antibodies leads …

Immunotherapy, especially anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death
ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) treatment has significantly improved the survival of non-small cell …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality. Checkpoint inhibitors of
programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) have …

Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Recently, the
interactions among various cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have …

Background In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), analysis of programmed cell death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a potential alternative to …

Hematogenous and lymphogenous cancer metastases are significantly impacted by tumor
neovascularization, which predominantly consists of blood vessel-relevant angiogenesis …

Lung cancer remains the first cause of cancer-related death despite many therapeutic
innovations, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). ICI are now well used in daily …

Background The main types of PD-L1 in the blood include soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1),
exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1), and PD-L1 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). However, the …

Background The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the
therapeutic options of hepatobiliary malignancies. However, the clinical benefit provided by …