The influence of pain, agitation, and their management on the immature brain

C McPherson, SP Miller, M El-Dib, AN Massaro… - Pediatric …, 2020 - nature.com
Preterm infants are exposed to frequent painful procedures and agitating stimuli over the
many weeks of their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The adverse …

Composite pain biomarker signatures for objective assessment and effective treatment

I Tracey, CJ Woolf, NA Andrews - Neuron, 2019 - cell.com
Pain is a subjective sensory experience that can, mostly, be reported but cannot be directly
measured or quantified. Nevertheless, a suite of biomarkers related to mechanisms, neural …
M Ranger, RE Grunau - Pain management, 2014 - Taylor & Francis
Infants born preterm (< 37 weeks of gestation) are particularly vulnerable to procedural
stress and pain exposure during neonatal intensive care, at a time of rapid and complex …

Prevention and management of procedural pain in the neonate: an update

E Keels, N Sethna, KL Watterberg, JJ Cummings… - …, 2016 - publications.aap.org
Background Neonates are frequently subjected to painful procedures, with the most
immature infants receiving the highest number of painful events. 3,–5 Despite …

Non-pharmacological pain management in the neonatal intensive care unit: Managing neonatal pain without drugs

O Bucsea, RP Riddell - Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2019 - Elsevier
Premature infants hospitalized after birth are exposed to repeated painful procedures as part
of their routine medical care. Early neonatal exposure to unmanaged pain has been linked …