Wolbachia are successful Gram-negative bacterial endosymbionts, globally infecting a large
fraction of arthropod species and filarial nematodes. Efficient vertical transmission, the …

Major changes in genetic variation are generally considered deleterious to populations. The
massive biodiversity of insects distinguishes them from other animal groups. Insect deviant …

Symbionts can regulate animal reproduction in multiple ways, but the underlying
physiological and biochemical mechanisms remain largely unknown. The presence of …

Wolbachia are intracellular, maternally inherited bacteria with an impressive history of
adaptation to intracellular lifestyles. Instead of adapting to a single host lineage, Wolbachia …

Symbiosis between microbial associates and a host is a ubiquitous feature of life on earth,
modulating host phenotypes. In addition to endosymbionts, organisms harbour a collection …

Female‐producing parthenogenesis can be induced by endosymbionts that increase their
transmission by manipulating host reproduction. Our literature survey indicates that such …

Background Trichogrammatids are minute parasitoid wasps that develop within other insect
eggs. They are less than half a millimeter long, smaller than some protozoans. The …

Bacteria in the genus Wolbachia have evolved numerous strategies to manipulate arthropod
sex, including the conversion of would-be male offspring to asexually reproducing females …

Galls are defined as modifications of the normal developmental design of plants, produced
by a specific reaction to the presence and activity of a foreign organism. Although different …

Highlights•Endosymbionts are constrained in inducing parthenogenesis by the high
variability of sex determination mechanisms.•Endosymbionts need a specialized and host …