Increasingly, modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) research has become more computationally
intensive. However, a growing concern is that due to unequal access to computing power …

Research summary To what extent do firms rely on basic science in their R&D efforts?
Several scholars have sought to answer this and related questions, but progress has been …

Digitalization has vastly increased the availability, the use, and the value of data. We show
that this has implications also in the context of innovation, specifically, for basic research in …

One important motivation for creating cap-and-trade programs for carbon emissions is the
expectation that they will stimulate much-needed low-carbon innovation. I construct a new …

Since the 1980s, policy reforms have been undertaken in China to gradually promote
entrepreneurship of academic researchers. Based on manually collected data on academic …

A defining feature of modern economic growth is the systematic application of science to
advance technology. However, despite sustained progress in scientific knowledge, recent …

This article reviews evidence on the changing structure of the US innovation ecosystem and
then develops a simple model of the rise and fall of the large corporate lab. We suggest that …

We curate and characterize a complete set of citations from patents to scientific articles,
including 16.8 million from the full text of USPTO and EPO patents. Combining hand‐tuned …

Prior research suggests that firms' ability to benefit from their technologies is determined by
the strength of intellectual property (IP) laws and the inimitability of their technologies. We …

Publications, patents, standard-essential patents (SEPs), and standard contributions are
important indicators for the drivers in the technology development of 5G. However, current …