As data centers increasingly become the backbone of the digital age, managing their
substantial energy consumption and mitigating heat generation are paramount. This paper …

In recent years, heat dissipation in high heat flux devices remarkably increased and it is
anticipated to reach unprecedented levels in future devices, mainly due to increased power …

The increased integration of electronic chips and the miniaturization of electronic products
significantly raise the heat generated by electronic devices. To meet the cooling …

For high power density electronics, flash spray cooling is one of the most effective ways of
dissipating heat at safe working temperature. Spray parameters exert significant influences …

Spray cooling technology is an efficient cooling method. In the industrial application, the
large area cooling requires the multi-nozzle spray design. Reasonable selection of nozzle …

Electrospray (ES) cooling is promising to achieve the high-heat-flux thermal dissipation with
a low fluid consumption when using structured surfaces as heat sinks of micro-size and high …

Heat dissipation and uniform temperature distribution are crucial to the operational reliability
of electronic devices. In this study, the heat transfer enhancement and surface temperature …

In pool boiling on a horizontal surface, the flow of vapor is mainly the departure of vapor
bubbles from the boiling surface. If the surface is composed of specially laid-out areas with …

Understanding droplet–particle collision behaviors is essential for the pyrohydrolysis
process of pickling liquor, where the pickling liquor is sprayed and dried into particles. This …