Research question Match official abuse (MOA) in team sports has become a prominent
issue within sport management; the effects of MOA on the safety, wellbeing and retention of …

Sport officials make significant contributions to organized sport, yet scientific evidence to
inform their specialized training and education at various levels has lagged. While …

Abstract Since Junior-to-Senior Transition (JST) is only considered successful when soccer
players become professionals, many junior athletes must cope with failure, and their …

The inclusion of the video assistant referee (VAR) in the Laws of the Game [International
Football Association Board (IFAB)] reflects a historic action in the world of soccer. The VAR …

The taxonomy of Career transitions is based on three factors: the life domain that the
transition relates to, the predictability of the transition, and the outcome of the transition. NK …

The psychological demands of elite soccer referees have increased substantially in recent
years. This article presents a psychological preparation framework for elite soccer referees …

Objectives Soccer referees are challenged by physiological, professional, and mental
demands which require them to exercise self-control for optimal performance. We applied …

Football referees are required to make numerous decisions per match under physiological
and emotional strain. Within this context, VAR (video assistant referee) interventions …

The Routledge International Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology integrates the
topics of motor control, physical education, exercise, adventure, performance in sports, and …

Soccer referees experience a variety of demands on and off the field. Training of soccer
referees should therefore equip them with the necessary tools to improve their performance …