Heightened interest in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) stems from the consistent association of
mortality with greater severity of TR, and a low use of surgical solutions in the setting of high …

Assessing the severity of tricuspid regurgitation remains a challenging task, and although
echocardiography is the test of choice, significant limitations of the current recommendations …

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic (3DE) imaging represents a major innovation in
cardiovascular ultrasound. Advancements in computer and transducer technologies permit …

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is classified according to different morphologic types based on
the underlying mechanisms: primary, secondary, and isolated TR. Primary TR is caused by …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of isolated tricuspid
regurgitation (TR) and the added value of quantitative evaluation of its severity. Background …

An appreciation of the complex and variable anatomy of the tricuspid valve is essential to
unraveling the pathophysiology of tricuspid regurgitation. A greater appreciation of normal …

Functional or secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is the most common cause of severe TR
in the Western world. The presence of functional TR, either isolated or in combination with …

Background—Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with a structurally normal tricuspid
valve (TV) may occur secondary to chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the clinical and …

Highlights•Atrial fibrillation is associated with functional tricuspid and/or mitral regurgitation.•
Dilatation of the annulus is the key mechanism of functional regurgitation.•3DE is key for …

Background—Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) with structurally normal valve is of
poorly defined mechanisms. Prevalence and clinical context of idiopathic FTR (Id …