This review is focused on experimental methods for determination of the composition of the
human body, its organs and tissues. It summarizes the development and current status of fat …

Some elements have toxic effects on the human body and there is thus a need to control
their levels in human organs and tissues. Moreover, it is important to increase our …

Due to signal attenuation in overlying soft tissue, development of x‐ray fluorescence
systems to measure low atomic number elements, such as strontium, in human bone …

The need for in vivo bone strontium assessment arises because strontium may exert a
number of effects on bone, which may be either beneficial or toxic. Measurements discussed …

In the event of an accident at a nuclear fuel handling facility, the wounds of affected workers
may be contaminated with plutonium. The current approach for identifying plutonium …

Plaster of Paris [poP, CaSO4·(1)/(2) H2O] is the standard phantom material used for the
calibration of in vivo X-ray fluorescence (IVXRF)-based systems of bone metal quantification …

An x-ray fluorescence (XRF) system using 125 I as the source was developed to measure
strontium in bone in vivo. As part of an in vivo pilot study, 22 people were measured at two …

Objective: Recent evidence of gadolinium (Gd) deposition in bones of healthy individuals
who have previously received Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for MRI has led to a …

An x-ray fluorescence measurement system has been developed with an 125 I source to
detect arsenic in superficial layers of phantoms and tissue. Based on in vivo measurements …

Techniques for estimation of element levels directly in humans (noninvasive in vivo) or in
samples (in vitro) from humans are reviewed. Toxic, nonessential, trace elements may cause …