Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular
bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be …

Macrophages are versatile and heterogeneous innate immune cells undertaking central
functions in balancing immune responses and tissue repair to maintain homeostasis. This …

Several studies have utilized a lipid nanoparticle delivery system to enhance the
effectiveness of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. However, these nanoparticles are …

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

Oligonucleotides can be used to modulate gene expression via a range of processes
including RNAi, target degradation by RNase H-mediated cleavage, splicing modulation …

Background Every day the skin is constantly exposed to several harmful factors that induce
oxidative stress. When the cells are incapable to maintain the balance between antioxidant …

The theory that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are immunosuppressive cells has
prevailed throughout the past decade. However, recent high-throughput, high-resolution …

Vaccines are critical tools for maintaining global health. Traditional vaccine technologies
have been used across a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens, yet there are a …

Despite the success of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the immunological mechanisms that
underlie its efficacy are poorly understood. Here we analyzed the innate and adaptive …

Simple Summary The relationship between the immune system and tumours is currently one
of the most studied topics in the field of cancer. Previously, it was thought that a tumour could …