Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable transportation.
The high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate of lithium-ion batteries …

A state of charge estimator (SOCE) is proposed for a single and a supercapacitor pack
aimed at easy implementation and low computational cost extended state observers. This …

The optimal utilization of ultracapacitor (symmetric electrochemical capacitor) for vehicular
applications demands continuous monitoring and maintenance of its state of charge (SOC) …

Ultracapacitors used for energy storage in energy management applications like electric
vehicles undergo numerous charge-discharge cycles. This demands an optimal charging …

Fossil fuels are decreasing day by day in this contemporary world. So, the demand for
Electric Vehicle increases rapidly. As the battery is the heart of the Electric Vehicle. There is …