Phenotypic plasticity is the development of different phenotypes from a single genotype,
depending on the environment. Such plasticity is a pervasive feature of life, is observed for …

Purines appear to be the most primitive and widespread chemical messengers in the animal
and plant kingdoms. The evidence for purinergic signalling in plants, invertebrates and …

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are spread by direct and/or indirect contacts between a
pathogen or parasite and their hosts. Arthropod vectors have evolved as excellent …

Pathogens may manipulate their human and mosquito hosts to enhance disease
transmission. Dengue, caused by four viral serotypes, is the fastest-growing transmissible …

Previous studies have suggested that Plasmodium parasites can manipulate mosquito
feeding behaviours such as probing, persistence and engorgement rate in order to enhance …

There is much evidence that some pathogens manipulate the behaviour of their mosquito
hosts to enhance pathogen transmission. However, it is unknown whether this phenomenon …

Parasite‐induced alteration of host behaviour is a widespread transmission strategy among
pathogens. Understanding how it works is an exciting challenge from both a mechanistic …

Malaria parasites have been suggested to alter the behavior of mosquito vectors to increase
the likelihood of transmission. Some empirical evidence supports this hypothesis, yet the …

As vectors of disease, mosquitoes are a global threat to human health. The Anopheles
mosquito is the deadliest mosquito species as the insect vector of the malaria-causing …

Background Anopheles gambiae is a major vector of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. The
arthropod-host interactions occurring at the skin interface are complex and dynamic. We …