Effectiveness has been understood at three levels of analysis in the scholarly study of policy
design. The first is at the systemic level indicating what entails effective formulation …

In the absence of a specific treatment or vaccines, public health strategies are the main
measures to use in the initial stages of a pandemic to allow surveillance of infectious …

This is an open access book. This book offers the first overview of the 'wicked problems'
literature, often seen as complex, open-ended, and intractable, with both the nature of the …

Education has been extremely affected by the coronavirus disease crisis, with almost all
countries temporarily closing their schools in 2020. After the first stage of the pandemic, in …

COVID-19 is the most significant global crisis of any of our lifetimes. The numbers have been
stupefying, whether of infection and mortality, the scale of public health measures, or the …

In fighting the spread of COVID-19, the drastic measures undertaken by governments
worldwide demonstrate a trade-off between public health and fundamental democratic …

Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wastewater-
based epidemiology (WBE) has been applied as a complementary approach for spatial …

The Global COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of the world's population at a shocking
speed. Its emergence has halted and brought down economic activities across the globe …

Governments everywhere faced daunting and often unprecedented challenges in the face of
the first peak of the COVD-19 pandemic. Public leaders sought to regain control over a …

Many policy analyses on COVID‐19 have been focusing on what kind of policies are
implemented to contain the spread of COVID‐19. What seems equally important to explore …