Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and yet the
early pathophysiological events of the condition and sequences of dysfunction remain …

The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the mammalian body, and
synaptic transmission is one of the major contributors. To meet these energetic …

Synapses are fundamental structures of neural circuits that transmit information between
neurons. Thus, the process of neural circuit formation via proper synaptic connections …

Rationale Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are important
mechanisms of atrial remodeling, predisposing to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in …

Snakebite envenoming is a pathological condition which may occur in response to the
injection of venom. Snake venoms contain a complex mixture of biologically active …

Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a
wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as regulators of key processes supporting
neuronal growth, function, and plasticity across lifespan. At normal physiological levels, ROS …

Neurons spurn hydrogen-rich fatty acids for energizing oxidative ATP synthesis, contrary to
other cells. This feature has been mainly attributed to a lower yield of ATP per reduced …

High-intensity exercise damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in skeletal muscle. Whether
MitoQ-a redox active mitochondrial targeted quinone-can reduce exercise-induced mtDNA …

Oxidative stress is biochemically complex. Like primary colours, specific reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and antioxidant inputs can be mixed to create unique “shades” of oxidative …