Inflammasomes are intracellular complexes involved in the innate immunity that convert
proIL‐1β and proIL‐18 to mature forms and initiate pyroptosis via cleaving procaspase‐1 …

Inflammation occurs in the vasculature as a response to injury, lipid peroxidation, and
perhaps infection. Various risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, are …

Itaconate has emerged as a critical immunoregulatory metabolite. Here, we examined the
therapeutic potential of itaconate in atherosclerosis. We found that both itaconate and the …

In CKD, uremic solutes may induce endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative
stress, leading to increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether the uremic solute …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the downstream adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation
factor 88 (MyD88) play an essential role in the innate immune responses. Here, we …

Clinical trial data have prompted questions about the degree to which patients and their
physicians should consider an increased risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events …

Our understanding of the role of vitamin E in human nutrition, health, and disease has
broadened and changed over the past two decades. Viewed initially as nature's most potent …

Specialized functions of macrophages have evolved to protect the body from infection.
However, the same mechanisms that enable phagocytosis of pathogens and activation of …

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, characterized by the accumulation of
macrophage-derived foam cells in the vessel wall and accompanied by the production of a …

Background Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators generated from arachidonic acid
(polyunsaturated n–6 fatty acid) by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Since atherosclerosis …