In this paper, we examine which of an agency selling or a wholesale contract offered by an e-
commerce platform competing suppliers with typical dual-channel supply chains should …

B2C platforms choose different channel choices and logistics strategies and many platforms
changed their channel structures after building platforms' self-supporting logistics. With the …

This study investigates the manufacturer encroachment strategy within a supply chain
composed of a manufacturer and multiple competing dual-purpose online retail platforms …

In practical business, freight forwarders not only cope with homogeneous competition, but
also may face with the potential threat from ocean ship** (OS) companies who encroach …

The fashion industry ranks among the top polluters globally, yet the emergence of virtual
worlds offers a chance for brands to switch to digital clothing as a greener option. This …

We study manufacturer encroachment in a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a
manufacturer (her) and a retailer (him), in which she distributes a classic product through the …

Numerous manufacturers started to embrace live-streaming selling channels in addition to
their preexisting retail channels during the outbreak of COVID-19. Our work investigates a …

The full lifecycle concept has prompted sellers to provide ancillary services or products
based on traditional product sales, leading to a dual-market system consisting of a base …

In a platform economy, alongside the traditional reselling channel, online intermediaries (eg,
Amazon and JD. com) open their platforms to allow manufacturers to distribute products …

The dominant online platforms (eg, Amazon and JD) in practice have adopted a strategy of
introducing their own store brands as a means to engage in competition with national …