Global climate models (GCMs) are developed to simulate past climate and produce
projections of climate in future. Their roles in ascertaining regional issues and possible …

In this paper, we review the need for, use of, and demands on climate modeling to support
so‐called 'robust'decision frameworks, in the context of improving the contribution of climate …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

Estimates of impacts from anthropogenic climate change rely on projections from climate
models. Uncertainties in those have often been a limiting factor, in particular on local scales …

This chapter assesses the scientific literature describing expectations for near-term climate
(present through mid-century). Unless otherwise stated," near-term" change and the …

This study investigates future changes of Global Monsoon (GM) under anthropogenic global
warming using 20 coupled models that participated in the phase five of Coupled Model …

Limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2.0° C requires strong mitigation of anthropogenic
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Concurrently, emissions of anthropogenic aerosols will …

Owing to the huge potential impact of precipitation extremes on society, it is important to
better understand the mechanisms causing these events, and their variations with respect to …

Abstract The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) hyperthermal,~ 56 million years
ago (Ma), is the most dramatic example of abrupt Cenozoic global warming. During the …

Climate models are crucial for assessing climate variability and change. A reliable model for
future climate should reasonably simulate the historical climate. Here, we assess the …