Although much progress has been made in identifying the genes (and, in rare cases,
mutations) that contribute to phenotypic variation, less is known about the effects that these …

Population genomic analyses of high-altitude humans and other vertebrates have identified
numerous candidate genes for hypoxia adaptation, and the physiological pathways …

To investigate the predictability of genetic adaptation, we examined the molecular basis of
convergence in hemoglobin function in comparisons involving 56 avian taxa that have …

High-altitude environments provide ideal testing grounds for investigations of mechanism
and process in physiological adaptation. In vertebrates, much of our understanding of the …

To cope with the reduced availability of O2 at high altitude, air-breathing vertebrates have
evolved myriad adjustments in the cardiorespiratory system to match tissue O2 delivery with …

Abstract Simonson, Tatum S. Altitude adaptation: A glimpse through various lenses. High Alt
Med Biol 16: 125–137, 2015.—Recent availability of genome-wide data from highland …

Animals that sustain high levels of aerobic activity under hypoxic conditions (eg, birds that fly
at high altitude) face the physiological challenge of jointly optimizing blood-O2 affinity for O2 …

Epistatic interactions between mutant sites in the same protein can exert a strong influence
on pathways of molecular evolution. We performed protein engineering experiments that …

In air-breathing vertebrates at high altitude, fine-tuned adjustments in hemoglobin (Hb)–O2
affinity provide an energetically efficient means of mitigating the effects of arterial …

In response to hypoxic stress, many animals compensate for a reduced cellular O2 supply
by suppressing total metabolism, thereby reducing O2 demand. For small endotherms that …