Locomotion and transport of microorganisms in fluids is an essential aspect of life. Search
for food, orientation toward light, spreading of off-spring, and the formation of colonies are …

Bacteria predate plants and animals by billions of years. Today, they are the world's smallest
cells, yet they represent the bulk of the world's biomass and the main reservoir of nutrients …

Flows generated by ensembles of flagella are crucial to development, motility and sensing,
but the mechanisms behind this striking coordination remain unclear. We present novel …

On surfaces with many motile cilia, beats of the individual cilia coordinate to form
metachronal waves. We present a theoretical framework that connects the dynamics of an …

After a long gap following the classic work of Taylor, there have recently been several
studies dealing with hydrodynamic synchronization. It is now apparent that synchronization …

Synchronization of actively oscillating organelles such as cilia and flagella facilitates self-
propulsion of cells and pum** fluid in low Reynolds number environments. To understand …

From unicellular ciliates to the respiratory epithelium, carpets of cilia display metachronal
waves, long-wavelength phase modulations of the beating cycles, which theory suggests …

Groups of eukaryotic cilia and flagella are capable of coordinating their beating over large
scales, routinely exhibiting collective dynamics in the form of metachronal waves. The origin …

Motile cilia beat in an asymmetric fashion in order to propel the surrounding fluid. When
many cilia are located on a surface, their beating can synchronize such that their phases …

Recent studies have been carried out for rotating single flexible flagellum: a possible
propelling mechanism that has been adopted by several artificial microswimmers due to its …