The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to
antibiotic therapy. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux mechanisms that are ubiquitous …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major problem in public health leading to an
estimated 4.95 million deaths in 2019. The selective pressure caused by the massive and …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) refers to the capability of bacterial pathogens to withstand lethal
doses of structurally diverse drugs which are capable of eradicating non-resistant strains …

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms reported in Gram-negative bacteria are causing a
worldwide health problem. The continuous dissemination of 'multidrug-resistant'(MDR) …

Antibiotic resistance is often the result of mutations that block drug activity; however, bacteria
also evade antibiotics by transiently expressing genes such as multidrug efflux pumps. A …

Drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in
bacteria. There has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative pathogens, such as the Enterobacteriaceae
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, poses a significant threat to our ability to effectively treat …

AcrB and its homologues are the principal multidrug transporters in Gram-negative
bacteria,,,,, and are important in antibiotic drug tolerance,. AcrB is a homotrimer that acts as …

The multidrug efflux transporter AcrB and its homologues are important in the multidrug
resistance of Gram-negative pathogens,. However, despite efforts to develop efflux …