Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems.
Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification …

The oldest Oldowan tool sites, from around 2.6 million years ago, have previously been
confined to Ethiopia's Afar Triangle. We describe sites at Nyayanga, Kenya, dated to 3.032 …

Human evolutionary scholars have long supposed that the earliest stone tools were made
by the genus Homo and that this technological development was directly linked to climate …

Terrestrial plant biomarkers and their carbon isotopes provide insights into carbon cycling,
paleovegetation and paleoclimate, ranging in scale from local to global. Over the past …

Background Until recently, the evolution of the genus Homo has been interpreted in the
context of the onset of African aridity and the expansion of open grasslands. Homo erectus …

Until recently in Earth history, very large herbivores (mammoths, ground sloths, diprotodons,
and many others) occurred in most of the World's terrestrial ecosystems, but the majority …

The appearance of the Acheulean is one of the hallmarks of human evolution. It represents
the emergence of a complex behavior, expressed in the recurrent manufacture of large …

The Hadza, an ethnic group indigenous to northern Tanzania, are one of the few remaining
hunter-gatherer populations. Archaeology shows 130,000 years of hunting and gathering in …

Astronomically forced insolation changes have driven monsoon dynamics and recurrent
humid episodes in North Africa, resulting in green Sahara Periods (GSPs) with savannah …