Understanding the evolutionarily conserved feature of functional laterality in the habenula
has been attracting attention due to its potential role in human cognition and …

ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD), a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, often
coexists with mood disorders. Degeneration of serotonergic neurons in brainstem raphe …

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) induces cognitive impairments such as memory deficit.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered as the most critical neurotrophin in …

An essential core function of one's cognitive flexibility is the use of acquired knowledge and
skills to adapt to ongoing environmental changes. Animal models have highlighted the …

Translational validity (or trans-disciplinary validity) is defined as one possible approach to
achieving incremental validity by combining simultaneous clinical state-dependent …

The phasic emotion, fear, and the tonic emotion, anxiety, have been conventionally
inspected in clinical frameworks to epitomize memory acquisition, storage, and retrieval …

Objective The dysregulation of stress-related networks due to chronic symptoms such as
severe worry and/or rumination is one of the putative pathways linking anxiety in late-life …

Abstract Purpose of Review The habenula has significant clinical importance, particularly in
mood regulation and substance use disorders, both of which are closely linked to suicidal …

Maladaptive responses to uncertainty, including excessive risk avoidance, are linked to a
range of mental disorders. One expression of these is a pro-variance bias (PVB), wherein …

Functional laterality of the habenula has been suggested in both animal models and the
humans. Understanding this evolutionarily conserved brain feature is of fundamental …