Soils are essential for supporting food production and providing ecosystem services but are
under pressure due to population growth, higher food demand, and land use competition …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

Reduced evaporation due to dry soils can affect the land surface energy balance, with
implications for local and downwind precipitation. When evaporation is constrained by soil …

Droughts are significant drivers of land degradation, which in turn has adverse effects on
resource-dependent rural populations and can potentially lead to livelihood losses and …

Drought is a complex and multivariate phenomenon influenced by diverse physical and
biological processes. Such complexity precludes simplistic explanations of cause and effect …

Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most
sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent …

Drylands, comprising semi‐arid, arid, and hyperarid regions, cover approximately 41% of
the Earth's land surface and have expanded considerably in recent decades. Even under …

Afforestation is an effective approach to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems, but often
depletes deep soil moisture. Presently, it is not known how an afforestation‐induced …

Dryland ecosystems may be especially vulnerable to expected 21st century increases in
temperature and aridity because they are tightly controlled by moisture availability. However …