To accommodate daily recurring environmental changes, animals show cyclic variations in
behaviour and physiology, which include prominent behavioural states such as sleep–wake …

The mammalian circadian clock has evolved as an adaptation to the 24-h light/darkness
cycle on earth. Maintaining cellular activities in synchrony with the activities of the organism …

The mammalian circadian clock consists of a transcription–translation feedback loop (TTFL)
composed of CLOCK–BMAL1 transcriptional activators and CRY–PER transcriptional …

Almost all living organisms have evolved autoregulatory transcriptional‐translational
feedback loops that produce oscillations with a period of approximately 24‐h. These …

Phosphorylation is the most common post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes,
occurring particularly frequently in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). These proteins …

Summary In our 24/7 well-lit world, it's easy to skip or delay sleep to work, study, and play.
However, our circadian rhythms are not easily fooled; the consequences of jet lag and shift …

The disruption of circadian rhythms by environmental conditions can induce alterations in
body homeostasis, from behavior to metabolism. The light: dark cycle is the most reliable …

The circadian clock is a biological mechanism that dictates an array of rhythmic
physiological processes. Virtually all cells contain a functional clock whose disruption results …

Circadian clocks are timing systems that rhythmically adjust physiology and metabolism to
the 24-h day–night cycle. Eukaryotic circadian clocks are based on transcriptional …

Summary PERIOD (PER) and Casein Kinase 1δ regulate circadian rhythms through a
phosphoswitch that controls PER stability and repressive activity in the molecular clock …