Integration of regional stratigraphic relationships with data on sediment accumulation,
provenance, paleodrainage, and deformation timing enables a reconstruction of Mesozoic …

Mountain building in the Andes, the longest continental mountain range on Earth, started in
the Late Cretaceous but was highly diachronous. Reconstructing the timing of surface uplift …

The fish faunas of continental South and Central America constitute one of the greatest
concentrations of aquatic diversity on Earth, consisting of about 10 percent of all living …

An integration of diverse strain markers into a palinspastic reconstruction of the northern
Andes provides a first-order quantitative approximation to the response of a complex margin …

Andean orogeny is considered as one of the most important events for the development of
current plant diversity in South America. We compare available phylogenetic studies and …

On the basis of paleontological content (vertebrates and palynology) and facies analysis
from river banks, road cuts, and three wells, we have assigned the uppermost levels of the …

There is a considerable controversy about whether western Amazonia was ever covered by
marine waters during the Miocene [23 to 5 Ma (million years ago)]. We investigated the …

The Amazon submarine fan is a large sediment apron situated offshore Pará (Brazil) and
represents the most distal extent of the Amazon River. The age of onset of this …

Abstract Tectonic collision between South America and Panama began at 23–25 Ma. The
collision is significant because it ultimately led to development of the Panamanian Isthmus …

Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of 29
samples from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia reveal the origin of northern Andean …