The global movement toward the pillars of a circular economy has restructured the entire
chain of the primary production sector. Together, increases in the consumption of critical …

With the booming of renewable clean energies towards reducing carbon emission, demands
for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in applications to transportation vehicles and power stations …

In this work, semi-industrial scale heap leaching of 200 t ion adsorption rare earth ores (IRE-
ore) and rare earth elements (REEs) recovery from lixivium was first conducted. Biosynthetic …

Laterite nickel ore is rich in nickel and iron resources, and the nickel element is extracted in
the form of nickel salt. However, the acid-leaching tailings of laterite nickel ore (LTLNO) …

The emergence of the battery society has resulted in an unprecedented strain on the supply
of battery metals, such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese. Consequently, there is an urgent …

Acids (eg, sulfuric acid and nitric acid) have been applied to leach chlorine (Cl) from solid
wastes. However, traditional inorganic acids caused significant pollution of the water …

Ferronickel products obtained from the traditional process used to treat limonite nickel
laterite usually assay very low-grade Ni, only 3–5% Ni due to the high Fe/Ni ratio of limonite …

Hydrometallurgy recycling of heavy metals from electroplating sludge is of hot spot in recent
decades. Such recycling was tedious in the separation of impure Fe/Al prior to heavy metals …

Cobalt (Co) stands out as one of the most critical metals in contemporary use, particularly
due to its increasing demand in technological products and especially in electromobility …

The green transition, despite recent advances in cobalt-free battery technologies, is still
highly dependent on the availability of critical cobalt-based materials. Consequently, there …