The western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is of major economic and ecological importance,
with elevated rates of colony losses in temperate regions over the last two decades thought …

Over the past few decades, honey bees have been facing an increasing number of
stressors. Beyond individual stress factors, the synergies between them have been identified …

The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is the leading threat to the health of Western honey
bees (Apis mellifera) primarily through its action as a vector of viruses. However, it is unclear …

The worldwide dispersal of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor from its Asian origins has
fundamentally transformed the relationship of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) with several of …

Abstract The Western honey bee Apis mellifera, which provides about 90% of commercial
pollination, is under threat from diverse abiotic and biotic factors. The ectoparasitic mite …

Background Varroa destructor is the major ectoparasite of the western honey bee (Apis
mellifera). Through both its parasitic life-cycle and its role as a vector of viral pathogens, it …

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a honey bee virus, whose emergence from relative obscurity
is driven by the recent host-switch, adaptation, and global dispersal of the ectoparasitic mite …

Honey bee colonies are prone to invasion by pests and pathogens. The combination of the
parasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa) and the multiple viruses it vectors, is a major driver …

The deformed wing virus (DWV) belongs to the genus Iflavirus and the family Iflaviridae
within the order Picornavirales. It is an important pathogen of the Western honey bee, Apis …

European foulbrood (EFB) is a severe disease of honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae caused
by the bacterium Linnaeus [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) Melissococcus plutonius (ex White) …