Several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved a complex protein secretion
system termed type III to deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells that then modulate …

Many disease resistance (R) proteins of plants detect the presence of disease-causing
bacteria, viruses, or fungi by recognizing specific pathogen effector molecules that are …

Many animal-and plant-pathogenic bacteria use a type III secretion system to deliver effector
proteins into host cells,. Elucidation of how these effector proteins function in host cells is …

Isolated for the first time in 1982 from human gastric biopsy, Helicobacter pylori is
responsible for gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. A pathogenicity island acquired by …

The study of plant diseases is almost as old as agriculture itself. Advancements in molecular
biology have given us much more insight into the plant immune system and how it detects …

The soft rot erwiniae, Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica (Eca), E. carotovora ssp.
carotovora (Ecc) and E. chrysanthemi (Ech) are major bacterial pathogens of potato and …

▪ Abstract Type III secretion systems allow Yersinia spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.,
Bordetella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli …

Crop disease outbreaks are often associated with clonal expansions of single pathogenic
lineages. To determine whether similar boom-and-bust scenarios hold for wild …

Sigma factors provide promoter recognition specificity to RNA polymerase holoenzyme,
contribute to DNA strand separation, and then dissociate from the core enzyme following …

▪ Abstract Host plant resistance has been used extensively for disease control in many crop
species; however, the resistance conferred by many sources is not durable as a result of …