Bile acids, once considered mere dietary surfactants, now emerge as critical modulators of
macronutrient (lipid, carbohydrate, protein) metabolism and the systemic pro …

Pyruvate is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A by mitochondrial pyruvate
dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Decarboxylation of pyruvate is considered a crucial step in …

Senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) induced by chronic
oxidative stress is an important factor contributes to the postmenopausal osteoporosis …

The bile acid receptor FXR has emerged as a bona fide drug target for chronic cholestatic
and metabolic liver diseases, ahead of all non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). FXR is …

Bile acids (BA) are amphiphilic molecules synthesized in the liver (primary BA) starting from
cholesterol. In the small intestine, BA act as strong detergents for emulsification …

This is difficult to judge because the data available from clinicalstage FXR agonists in NASH
cannot be compared one to one simply because the trial protocols differ from each other in …

Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic molecules produced from cholesterol by the liver. Expelled
from the gallbladder upon meal ingestion, BAs serve as fat solubilizers in the intestine. BAs …

FXR agonists have demonstrated very promising clinical results in the treatment of liver
disorders such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and …

The human gut is colonized by commensal microorganisms, predominately bacteria that
have coevolved in symbiosis with their host. The gut microbiota has been extensively …

The farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) is validated target in the cholestatic disorders treatment.
Obeticholic acid (OCA), the first in class of FXR agonist approved for clinical use, causes …