Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

We review applications of string theory to cosmology, from primordial times to the present-
day accelerated expansion. Starting with a brief overview of cosmology and string …

A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

The simplest ΛCDM model provides a good fit to a large span of cosmological data but
harbors large areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvement of the number …

The cosmological principle (CP)—the notion that the Universe is spatially isotropic and
homogeneous on large scales—underlies a century of progress in cosmology. It is …

The Hubble tension has now grown to a level of significance which can no longer be
ignored and calls for a solution which, despite a huge number of attempts, has so far eluded …

The current cosmological probes have provided a fantastic confirmation of the standard Λ
Cold Dark Matter cosmological model, which has been constrained with unprecedented …

The recent result of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) in combination with
other cosmological data shows evidence of the evolving dark energy parametrized by the w …

The Λ CDM model provides a good fit to most astronomical observations but harbors large
areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvements in the precision and …

The dawn of the twenty-first century came with very positive prospects for gravity, cosmology,
and astrophysics. Technological progress made it possible for cosmology to enter to its …