This paper reviews natural language processing (NLP) from the late 1940's to the present,
seeking to identify its successive trends as these reflect concerns with different problems or …

Question Answering (QA) targets answering questions defined in natural language.
Question Answering Systems offer an automated approach to procuring solutions to queries …

Intelligent agents are employed as the central characters in this new introductory text.
Beginning with elementary reactive agents, Nilsson gradually increases their cognitive …

The Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics is a unique reference work for
students and teachers of linguistics. The highly regarded second edition of the Lexikon der …

This dictionary of grammatical terms covers both current and traditional terminology in
syntax and morphology. It includes descriptive terms, the major theoretical concepts of the …

The Routledge Linguistics Encyclopedia is a single-volume encyclopedia covering all major
and subsidiary areas of linguistics and applied linguistics. The 79 entries provide in-depth …

This paper is an introduction to natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBS). A brief
overview of the history of NLIDBS is first given. Some advantages and disadvantages of …

The original formulation of SharedPlans by B. Grosz and C. Sidner (1990) was developed to
provide a model of collaborative planning in which it was not necessary for one agent to …

As users struggle to navigate the wealth of on-line information now available, the need for
automated question answering systems becomes more urgent. We need systems that allow …

A Survey of Modern English covers a wide selection of aspects of the modern English
language. Fully revised and updated, the major focus of the third edition lies in Standard …