Acoustic signals are frequently used for estimating avian species richness, abundance and
community composition. However, sampling by traditional methods of bird surveys is often …

Since the time of Darwin, biologists have considered the floral nectar spur to be an
adaptation representing a high degree of plant specialization. Nevertheless, some …

Many recent studies have suggested that the majority of animal-pollinated plants have a
higher diversity of pollinators than that expected according to their pollination syndrome …

Spatial patterns in bird community structure are closely related to changes in habitat
composition at small spatial scales, but the explanatory power of habitat declines towards …

Adaptations of the nectar traits in bird-pollinated flowers are amongst the most discussed
aspects of floral evolution. In the case of sunbird-pollinated plants, data on nectar traits …

Community-level studies have shown that plant–pollinator interactions are much more
generalized than previously expected. Consequently, many authors have questioned the …

Most of the tropical rainforests are subject to both anthropogenic and natural disturbances.
Forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) cause forest clearings within the tropics. This study …

Abstract The Gulf of Guinea Highlands, a centre of endemism and high conservation
importance, represent the only large mountain system in West and Central Africa. We …

Although the Old World sunbirds are generally considered to be an ecological analogue of
the New World hummingbirds, it is commonly believed that in contrast to hummingbirds …

Closely related bird species can coexist in areas of range overlap due to differentiation of
their ecological niches. If coexisting species have similar habitat requirements, separation of …