Counterfeiting and inverse engineering of security and confidential documents, such as
banknotes, passports, national cards, certificates, and valuable products, has significantly …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

Polymer-based responsive structural color materials are polymers with ordered
microstructures that can change colors. They offer unique advantages and present a novel …

Photonic crystal (PC) is an emerging optical microstructure material with adjustable
dielectric constant, which can vary with its space periodically. It has exhibited excellent …

Both the nonclose-packed structure and the large refractive index contrast of guanine
nanocrystals and cytosols in iridophores play a vital role in the dynamic camouflage of …

Colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) have been well developed because they are easy to
prepare, cost‐effective, and versatile with regards to modification and functionalization …

The fabrication of responsive photonic structures from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) that
can operate in the entire visible spectrum is challenging due to the requirements of precise …

Through the use of the limited materials palette, optimally designed micro-and
nanostructures, and tightly regulated processes, nature demonstrates exquisite control of …

Biological photonic crystal (PC) patterns provide unique functionalities for the survival of
creatures, such as the static identified patterns of butterfly wings, the mating function of the …

This Review covers photonic crystals (PhCs) and their use for sensing mainly chemical and
biochemical parameters, with a particular focus on the materials applied. Specific sections …