Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative ESKAPE microorganism that poses a threat to
public health by causing severe and invasive (mostly nosocomial) infections linked with high …

Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

A biofilm is a group of microorganisms, that causes health problems for the patients with
indwelling medical devices via attachment of cells to the surface matrix. It increases the …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Efflux pumps are widely implicated in antibiotic resistance because they can extrude the
majority of clinically relevant antibiotics from within cells to the extracellular environment …

Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of
biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono-or multi-species cultures of …

Multidrug efflux pumps function at the frontline to protect bacteria against antimicrobials by
decreasing the intracellular concentration of drugs. This protective barrier consists of a …

Acinetobacter is a complex genus, and historically, there has been confusion about the
existence of multiple species. The species commonly cause nosocomial infections …

Polymyxins remain the last line treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. As
polymyxins resistance emerges, there is an urgent need to develop effective antimicrobial …

Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections due to its increased
antibiotic resistance and virulence. The ability of A. baumannii to form biofilms contributes to …