Mediterranean areas of both southern Europe and North Africa are subject to dramatic
changes that will affect the sustainability, quantity, quality, and management of water …

Droughts are important natural hazards that occur worldwide and can have severe and long-
lasting impacts on humans and ecosystems. These phenomena are usually quantified by …

Drought monitoring and early warning (M & EW) systems are a crucial component of drought
preparedness. M & EW systems typically make use of drought indicators such as the …

Drought indices are used to monitor drought conditions of a region. Various drought indices
(DIs) have been proposed in past few decades, but some of those are region specific and …

One of the main problems confronting the world of the 21st Century is a shortage of water.
There is already severe scarcity in many regions of the world, causing tremendous problems …

In this study, the consistency of a set of meteorological and soil moisture drought indices has
been analyzed using the linear relationship between them. Commonly used Standardized …

Monthly rainfall data from June to October for 39 years were used to compute Standardized
Precipitation Index (SPI) values based on two parameter gamma distribution for a low …

At present, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is the most widely used drought index
to provide good estimations about the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts …

An analysis of droughts in mainland Portugal based on monthly precipitation data, from
September 1910 to October 2004, in 144 rain gages distributed uniformly over the country is …

The differences in spatial patterns of drought over a range of time scales were analysed by
the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). In a climatic area with a wide range of …