The production of chemicals from biomass, a renewable feedstock, is highly desirable in
replacing petrochemicals to make biorefineries more economical. The best approach to …

Enzymes are the most proficient catalysts, offering much more competitive processes
compared to chemical catalysts. The number of industrial applications for enzymes has …

The combination of chemo-and photocatalyses with biocatalysis, which couples the flexible
reactivity of the photo-and chemocatalysts with the highly selective and environmentally …

The present paper reviews recent advances on the direct synthesis of 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from different kinds of raw biomasses. In particular, in the paper …

Although many methods for enzyme immobilization have been described in patents and
publications, relatively few processes employing immobilized enzymes have been …

Carbon plays a dual role as a catalyst or a catalyst support for chemical and enzymatic
biomass transformation reactions due to its large specific surface area, high porosity …

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) are two of the most promising chemicals
derived from biomass owing to their convertibility into a large number of chemicals having …

Interest in utilizing biorenewable feedstocks to produce fuels and chemicals has risen
greatly in the past decade due to the economic, political and environmental concerns …

Tandem catalysis is a growing field that is beginning to yield important scientific and
technological advances toward new and more efficient catalytic processes.'One-pot'tandem …

The biorefinery is an important approach for the current needs of energy and chemical
building blocks for a diverse range of applications, that gradually may replace current …